|
Dixy Lee Ray (September 3, 1914 – January 2, 1994) was a scientist who served as the 17th Governor of the U.S. state of Washington. Variously described as idiosyncratic, and "ridiculously smart," she was the state's first female governor and was known for her leadership of the state during the devastating eruption of Mt. St. Helens, for her strident support of atomic energy, and for her personal eccentricities. A graduate of Mills College and Stanford University, where she earned a doctorate in biology, Ray became an associate professor at the University of Washington in 1957. She was chief scientist aboard the schooner SS ''Te Vega'' during the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Under her guidance, the nearly-bankrupt Pacific Science Center was transformed from a traditional, exhibit-oriented museum to an interactive learning center, and returned to solvency. In 1973 Ray was appointed chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) by President Richard M. Nixon. Under her leadership, research and development was separated from safety programs, and Milton Shaw, the head of the powerful reactor development division, was removed. She was appointed Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs by President Gerald Ford in 1975, but resigned six months later, complaining about lack of input into department decision making. To the surprise of many, Ray ran for election as Governor of Washington as a Democrat in 1976. She won the election despite her blunt, sometimes confrontational, style. As governor, she approved allowing supertankers to dock in Puget Sound, championed support for unrestrained growth and development, and continued to express enthusiasm for atomic energy. On April 3, 1980 she declared a state of emergency as a result of the volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens. She retired after losing her bid for re-election in 1980. == Early life and education == She was born Marguerite Ray in Tacoma, Washington to Frances Adams Ray and Alvis Marion Ray, the second in a family of five girls. She joined the Girl Scouts and, at the age of 12, became the youngest girl, up to that time, to summit Mount Rainier.〔〔 In 1930, at age 16, she legally changed her name to "Dixy Lee" in homage to Robert E. Lee.〔 Ray attended Tacoma's Stadium High School and graduated as valedictorian from Mills College in Oakland, California in 1937, working her way through school as a waitress and janitor.〔 She went on to earn a master's degree in 1938. Her thesis was titled ''A Comparative Study of the Life Habits of Some Species of Burrowing Eumalacostraca.'' Ray spent the next four years teaching science in the Oakland Unified School District. In 1942 a John Switzer Fellowship allowed her to enter a doctoral program in biology at Stanford University. Ray's dissertation was ''the peripheral nervous system of Lampanyctus leucopsarus'' a lanternfish; she completed the research for her dissertation in 1945 at the Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove, California.〔(reference )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dixy Lee Ray」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|